WMS This web map service is a key output from the integrated, basin-scale hydrogeological assessment of South Nicholson-Georgina as part of Geoscience Australia’s National Groundwater Systems project in the Exploring for the Future program. This comprehensive desktop study has integrated numerous geoscience and hydrogeological datasets to develop a new whole-of-basin conceptualisation of groundwater flow systems and recharge and discharge processes within the regional unconfined aquifers of the Georgina Basin. EFTF Exploring for the Future South Nicholson Basin Georgina Basin hydrogeology hydrochemistry groundwater flow groundwater systems Northern Territory Queensland QLD NT watertable water level aquifer Geoscience Australia Postal

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Canberra ACT 2601 Australia +61 2 6249 9111 clientservices@ga.gov.au NONE © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2024. This product is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 4096 4096 application/vnd.ogc.wms_xml text/xml image/bmp image/jpeg image/tiff image/png image/png8 image/png24 image/png32 image/gif image/svg+xml application/vnd.esri.wms_raw_xml application/vnd.esri.wms_featureinfo_xml application/vnd.ogc.wms_xml application/geo+json text/xml text/html text/plain application/vnd.ogc.sld+xml application/vnd.ogc.se_xml application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage application/vnd.ogc.se_blank text/xml XML EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 RSWL_Georgina The regional watertable trend surface was constructed from groundwater elevations for a subset of bores attributed to the Barkly, Narpa, Cockroach, and Toko group aquifers of the Georgina Basin. At the basin-scale, these aquifers are assumed to be hydraulically connected due to the absence of regional aquitards or other geological structures. These aquifers, commonly referred to in this report as the ‘regionally unconfined aquifers’, are the most common aquifers for groundwater supplies over most of the SNG region (except for the far southern parts where the Georgina Basin is overlain by younger Mesozoic aquifers of the Great Artesian Basin). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html GroundwaterSystems_FlowDirections The flow line paths dataset was derived from the regional watertable surface, which was created using groundwater elevations from a subset of bores attributed to the Barkly, Narpa, Cockroach and Toko group aquifers of the Georgina Basin. At the basin-scale, these aquifers are assumed to be hydraulically connected due to the absence of regional aquitards or other geological structures. These aquifers, commonly referred to in this report as the ‘regionally unconfined aquifers’, are the most common aquifers for groundwater supplies over most of the SNG region (except for the far southern parts where the Georgina Basin is overlain by younger Mesozoic aquifers of the Great Artesian Basin).From analysis of the mapping, three regional groundwater flow systems were identified:1. Roper River flow system2. Lawn Hill Creek flow system3. Southern Georgina Basin flow system. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html GroundwaterFlowDirection The flow line paths dataset was derived from the regional watertable surface, which was created using groundwater elevations from a subset of bores attributed to the Barkly, Narpa, Cockroach and Toko group aquifers of the Georgina Basin. At the basin-scale, these aquifers are assumed to be hydraulically connected due to the absence of regional aquitards or other geological structures. These aquifers, commonly referred to in this report as the ‘regionally unconfined aquifers’, are the most common aquifers for groundwater supplies over most of the SNG region (except for the far southern parts where the Georgina Basin is overlain by younger Mesozoic aquifers of the Great Artesian Basin).From analysis of the mapping, three regional groundwater flow systems were identified:1. Roper River flow system2. Lawn Hill Creek flow system3. Southern Georgina Basin flow system. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html GroundwaterDivides The groundwater divides dataset was derived from the regional watertable surface, which was created using groundwater elevations from a subset of bores attributed to the Barkly, Narpa, Cockroach and Toko group aquifers of the Georgina Basin. At the basin-scale, these aquifers are assumed to be hydraulically connected due to the absence of regional aquitards or other geological structures. These aquifers, commonly referred to in this report as the ‘regionally unconfined aquifers’, are the most common aquifers for groundwater supplies over most of the SNG region (except for the far southern parts where the Georgina Basin is overlain by younger Mesozoic aquifers of the Great Artesian Basin).The north-east trending groundwater divide separates the regional unconfined aquifers of the Georgina Basin into northern and southern groundwater flow systems. The location of the groundwater divide has greater uncertainty towards the sourthern extent due to less bore data near the basin boundary. This groundwater divide is in the vicinity of a prominent geological basement structure known as the Alexandria-Wonarah High. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html ContourRSWL1970_Georgina The regional water level contours were derived from the watertable trend surface which was constructed from groundwater elevations for a subset of bores attributed to the Barkly, Narpa, Cockroach, and Toko group aquifers of the Georgina Basin. At the basin-scale, these aquifers are assumed to be hydraulically connected due to the absence of regional aquitards or other geological structures. These aquifers, commonly referred to in this report as the ‘regionally unconfined aquifers’, are the most common aquifers for groundwater supplies over most of the SNG region (except for the far southern parts where the Georgina Basin is overlain by younger Mesozoic aquifers of the Great Artesian Basin). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html HydrochemistryPiper Hydrochemistry data for groundwater bores and springs were collated from various sources in the SNG region including DEPWS (2023), Geoscience Australia (2024), Gray and Bardwell (2016a, 2016b), McGrath et al. (2021), NT Government (2022), QDRDMW (2023), Schroder et al. (2020) and Trihey and Northey (2021). Given the large variation in temporal range of the data (1948–2022), the most recently acquired data for each bore was used as basis for this assessment. Records with charge balance errors of ≤10% for selected major and minor ions (sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, strontium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, bromide, iodide, and silica) were included for this hydrochemical assessment, totalling 2,154 measurements.A subset of bores have been assigned a source aquifer based on information in existing databases by applying a consistent attribution method (Appendix C in Dixon-Jain et al. 2024).DEPWS (Department of Environment, Parks and Water Security) (2023) Northern Territory bore locations, water quality and groundwater levels [data set], https://data.nt.gov.au/dataset/nt-bore-locations-water-quality-and-groundwater-levelsDixon-Jain P, Bishop C, Lester JE, Orlov C, McPherson A, Pho G, Flower C, Kilgour P, Lawson S, Vizy J and Lewis SJ (2024) Hydrogeology and groundwater systems of the South Nicholson and Georgina basins, Northern Territory and Queensland. Record 2024/37, Geoscience Australia, Canberra. https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/149730Geoscience Australia (2024) Hydrochemistry [data set], Geoscience Australia, Canberra. https://portal.ga.gov.au/metadata/geochemistry/hydrochemistry/all-hydrochemistry-analyses/a2edc729-7cbd-42dd-a169-0a55e562b366, https://ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/147298 [web service]Gray, D and Bardwell, N (2016a) Hydrogeochemistry of Northern Territory: Data Release v1 [data set], CSIRO. Australia, https://doi.org/10.4225/08/575A456B53264.Gray, D and Bardwell, N (2016b) Hydrogeochemistry of Northern Territory: Data Release v2 [data set], CSIRO, Australia, https://doi.org/10.4225/08/5987d4ba86ff7.McGrath-Cohen, E.S.B., Trihey, J.M., Northey, J.E. 2021. Exploring for the Future — Groundwater hydrochemistry data release: Ti Tree project, Northern Territory. Record 2020/044. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2020.044 NT Government (2022) Strategic Regional Environmental Baseline Assessment (SREBA) Beetaloo groundwater quality database [data set], https://srebadata.nt.gov.au/view/ntg-sda-000000051QDRDMW (Queensland Department of Regional Development, Manufacturing and Water) (2023) Groundwater database – Queensland, https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/groundwater-database-queensland, Schroder IF, de Caritat P, Wallace L, Trihey JM, Boreham C, Tobin J, English PE, Sohn J, Palatty P, Coghlan RA, Flower C, Maher P, Main PT, Thorose M, Long I, Byass J and Jinadasa N (2020) Northern Australia Hydrogeochemical Survey: Final Data Release and Hydrogeochemical Atlas for EFTF, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2020.015Trihey, J., Northey, J.E. 2021. Exploring for the Future — Groundwater hydrochemistry data release: Western Davenport project, Northern Territory. Record 2020/048. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2020.048 EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html HydrochemistryCluster Hydrochemistry data for groundwater bores and springs were collated from various sources in the SNG region including DEPWS (2023), Geoscience Australia (2024), Gray and Bardwell (2016a, 2016b), McGrath et al. (2021), NT Government (2022), QDRDMW (2023), Schroder et al. (2020) and Trihey and Northey (2021). Given the large variation in temporal range of the data (1948–2022), the most recently acquired data for each bore was used as basis for this assessment. Records with charge balance errors of ≤10% for selected major and minor ions (sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, strontium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, bromide, iodide, and silica) were included for this hydrochemical assessment, totalling 2,154 measurements.A subset of bores have been assigned a source aquifer based on information in existing databases by applying a consistent attribution method (Appendix C in Dixon-Jain et al. 2024).DEPWS (Department of Environment, Parks and Water Security) (2023) Northern Territory bore locations, water quality and groundwater levels [data set], https://data.nt.gov.au/dataset/nt-bore-locations-water-quality-and-groundwater-levelsDixon-Jain P, Bishop C, Lester JE, Orlov C, McPherson A, Pho G, Flower C, Kilgour P, Lawson S, Vizy J and Lewis SJ (2024) Hydrogeology and groundwater systems of the South Nicholson and Georgina basins, Northern Territory and Queensland. Record 2024/37, Geoscience Australia, Canberra. https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/149730Geoscience Australia (2024) Hydrochemistry [data set], Geoscience Australia, Canberra. https://portal.ga.gov.au/metadata/geochemistry/hydrochemistry/all-hydrochemistry-analyses/a2edc729-7cbd-42dd-a169-0a55e562b366, https://ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/147298 [web service]Gray, D and Bardwell, N (2016a) Hydrogeochemistry of Northern Territory: Data Release v1 [data set], CSIRO. Australia, https://doi.org/10.4225/08/575A456B53264.Gray, D and Bardwell, N (2016b) Hydrogeochemistry of Northern Territory: Data Release v2 [data set], CSIRO, Australia, https://doi.org/10.4225/08/5987d4ba86ff7.McGrath-Cohen, E.S.B., Trihey, J.M., Northey, J.E. 2021. Exploring for the Future — Groundwater hydrochemistry data release: Ti Tree project, Northern Territory. Record 2020/044. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2020.044 NT Government (2022) Strategic Regional Environmental Baseline Assessment (SREBA) Beetaloo groundwater quality database [data set], https://srebadata.nt.gov.au/view/ntg-sda-000000051QDRDMW (Queensland Department of Regional Development, Manufacturing and Water) (2023) Groundwater database – Queensland, https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/groundwater-database-queensland, Schroder IF, de Caritat P, Wallace L, Trihey JM, Boreham C, Tobin J, English PE, Sohn J, Palatty P, Coghlan RA, Flower C, Maher P, Main PT, Thorose M, Long I, Byass J and Jinadasa N (2020) Northern Australia Hydrogeochemical Survey: Final Data Release and Hydrogeochemical Atlas for EFTF, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2020.015Trihey, J., Northey, J.E. 2021. Exploring for the Future — Groundwater hydrochemistry data release: Western Davenport project, Northern Territory. Record 2020/048. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2020.048 EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html BoreSWL All bores in the NT and QLD groundwater database within the SNG region were investigated and, where possible, assigned to broader hydrogeological groups and individual geological units. Each attribution was assigned a confidence value based on the number of lines of evidence used in the determination. Where available, water level information was also included. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html BoreRSWL All bores in the NT and QLD groundwater database within the SNG region were investigated and, where possible, assigned to broader hydrogeological groups and individual geological units. Each attribution was assigned a confidence value based on the number of lines of evidence used in the determination. Where available, water level information was also included. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html BoreAquifer All bores in the NT and QLD groundwater database within the SNG region were investigated and, where possible, assigned to broader hydrogeological groups and individual geological units. Each attribution was assigned a confidence value based on the number of lines of evidence used in the determination. Where available, water level information was also included. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html ProjectArea South Nicholson - Georgina Basin boundary was created from the Australian Geological Provinces (Raymond et al. 2018).Raymond OL, Totterdell JM, Woods MA, Stewart AJ (2018). Australian Geological Provinces 2018.01 edition. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/116823 EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html SouthNicholsonBasin South Nicholson Basin boundary was extracted from the Australian Geological Provinces (Raymond et al. 2018).Raymond OL, Totterdell JM, Woods MA, Stewart AJ (2018). Australian Geological Provinces 2018.01 edition. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/116823 EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html GeorginaBasin Georgina Basin boundary was extracted from the Australian Geological Provinces (Raymond et al. 2018).Raymond OL, Totterdell JM, Woods MA, Stewart AJ (2018). Australian Geological Provinces 2018.01 edition. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/116823 EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 132.000000 142.000000 -25.000000 -14.000000 text/html