WMS As part of Geoscience Australia’s National Groundwater Systems Project (in the Exploring for the Future Program) this web map service delivers contemporary data and information relevant to understanding the regional geology, hydrogeology and groundwater systems of Cenozoic rocks and sediments of the KT–LEB. This work represents the first whole-of-basin assessment into these vitally important shallow groundwater resources, which have previously received far less scientific attention than the deeper groundwater systems of the underlying Eromanga Basin (part of the Great Artesian Basin). The new knowledge and insights about the geology and hydrogeology of the basin generated by this study will benefit the many users of groundwater within the region and will help to improve sustainable management and use of groundwater resources across the KT–LEB. EFTF – Exploring for the Future National Groundwater Systems hydrogeology groundwater Cenozoic geology Eyre Formation Namba Formation Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin Tirari Sub-basin Callabonna Sub-basin Cooper Creek Palaeovalley palaeovalleys sedimentary cover arid zone landscapes geological Lake Eyre Basin Austral Downs Basin Marion-Noranside Basin Springvale Basin Old Cork Basin neotectonics geological models groundwater recharge groundwater discharge surface water - groundwater interaction springs wetlands groundwater-dependent ecosystems Cooper Creek Floodplain airborne electromagnetics groundwater flow systems groundwater conceptual models aquifers aquifer attribution groundwater bores Geoscience Australia Postal

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This product is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 4096 4096 application/vnd.ogc.wms_xml text/xml image/bmp image/jpeg image/tiff image/png image/png8 image/png24 image/png32 image/gif image/svg+xml application/vnd.esri.wms_raw_xml application/vnd.esri.wms_featureinfo_xml application/vnd.ogc.wms_xml application/geo+json text/xml text/html text/plain application/vnd.ogc.sld+xml application/vnd.ogc.se_xml application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage application/vnd.ogc.se_blank text/xml XML EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 CooperCreekShallowFreshwaterLenses Airborne electromagnetics (AEM) is a geophysical technique used for estimating the bulk electrical conductivity profile of the upper 300 m (approximately) of the subsurface. The AEM data acquired as part of the Exploring for the Future Program’s AusAEM Eastern Corridor survey (Ley-Cooper 2021) covers much of the central Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre Basin region. Data for these regional surveys were acquired using the TEMPEST AEM system at a nominal 20 km line spacing.The prevalence and relative consistency of large sand-rich sediment zones across the Cooper Creek Palaeovalley (Evans et al.2024) means that AEM data are potentially useful for inferring the distribution of groundwater salinity beneath floodplains and in surrounding areas. To visualise salinity from AEM in a map, the thickness weighted average bulk conductivity was calculated for the 15 m depth interval beneath the watertable along the AEM survey lines. Symington et al. (2024) details the rationale and methods to produce the AEM bulk conductivity points. Symington et al. (2024) also include the code embedded in a Jupyter notebook that was written to calculate bulk conductance points from AEM line data and undertake an uncertainty analysis to assess the likelihood of the conductance response to be related to groundwater.In conjunction with sparse groundwater bore salinity and water level data from existing bores, Symington et al. (2024) used the conductance data to provide insights to address the following questions:-What is the regional scale distribution of groundwater salinity within the shallow alluvial aquifer?-Where does the shallow aquifer host fresh water?-What areas are most likely to receive recharge from the flanks of the floodplain?-Is there evidence for the groundwater discharging into the river?As a case study, data from Symington et al. (2024) were used to determine the location of freshwater lenses under the Cooper Creek floodplain in SA and Queensland. Data analysis, interpretation and results are in Symington et al. (2024) and further discussed in Evans et al. (2024), Symington et al. (2023) and Symington et al. (2022). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html CooperCreekFloodplainRegionAEM Airborne electromagnetics (AEM) is a geophysical technique used for estimating the bulk conductivity profile of the upper 300 m (approximately) of the subsurface. The AEM data acquired as part of the Exploring for the Future Program’s AusAEM Eastern Corridor survey (Ley-Cooper 2021) covers much of the central Kati Thanda – Lake Eyre Basin. Data for these regional surveys were acquired using the TEMPEST AEM system at a nominal 20 km line spacing.The prevalence and relative consistency of large sand-rich sediment zones across the Cooper Creek Palaeovalley (Evans et al. 2024) means that AEM data are potentially useful for inferring the distribution of groundwater salinity beneath the floodplain and surrounds. To visualise salinity from AEM in a map, the thickness weighted average bulk conductivity was calculated for the 15 m depth interval beneath the watertable along the AEM survey lines. Symington et al. (2024) details the rationale and methods to produce the AEM bulk conductivity points. Symington et al. (2024) also include the code embedded in a Jupyter notebook that was written to calculate bulk conductance points from AEM line data and undertake an uncertainty analysis to assess the likelihood of the conductance response to be related to groundwater. In conjunction with sparse groundwater bore salinity and water level data from existing bores, Symington et al. (2024) used the conductance data to provide insights to address the following questions:-What is the regional scale distribution of groundwater salinity within the shallow alluvial aquifer?-Where does the shallow aquifer host fresh water?-What areas are most likely to receive recharge from the flanks of the floodplain?-Is there evidence for the groundwater discharging into the river?Data from Symington et al. (2024) were used to infer salinity across the Cooper Creek floodplain and Strzelecki Desert. The groundwater bore and uncertainty analysis suggests good correlation exists between groundwater bore data and AEM conductance points, where groundwater occurs at shallow depths, in areas including, Cooper Creek Floodplain, Strzelecki Sand desert and Coongie Lakes. Data analysis, interpretation and results are in Symington et al. (2024) and are further discussed in Evans et al. (2024), Symington et al. (2023) and Symington et al. (2022). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html CooperCreekRegionAEM Airborne electromagnetics (AEM) is a geophysical technique used for estimating the bulk conductivity profile of the upper 300 m (approximately) of the subsurface. The AEM data acquired as part of the Exploring for the Future Program’s AusAEM Eastern Corridor survey (Ley-Cooper 2021) covers much of the central Kati Thanda – Lake Eyre Basin. Data for these regional surveys were acquired using the TEMPEST AEM system at a nominal 20 km line spacing.The prevalence and relative consistency of large sand-rich sediment zones across the Cooper Creek Palaeovalley (Evans et al. 2024) means that AEM data are potentially useful for inferring the distribution of groundwater salinity beneath the floodplain and surrounds. To visualise salinity from AEM in a map, the thickness weighted average bulk conductivity was calculated for the 15 m depth interval beneath the watertable along the AEM survey lines. Symington et al. (2024) details the rationale and methods to produce the AEM bulk conductivity points. Symington et al. (2024) also include the code embedded in a Jupyter notebook that was written to calculate bulk conductance points from AEM line data and undertake an uncertainty analysis to assess the likelihood of the conductance response to be related to groundwater. In conjunction with sparse groundwater bore salinity and water level data from existing bores, Symington et al. (2024) used the conductance data to provide insights to address the following questions:-What is the regional scale distribution of groundwater salinity within the shallow alluvial aquifer?-Where does the shallow aquifer host fresh water?-What areas are most likely to receive recharge from the flanks of the floodplain?-Is there evidence for the groundwater discharging into the river?Data from Symington et al. (2024) were used to infer salinity across the Cooper Creek floodplain. The groundwater bore and uncertainty analysis suggests good correlation exists between groundwater bore data and AEM conductance points, where groundwater occurs at shallow depths, in areas including, Cooper Creek Floodplain. Data analysis, interpretation and results are in Symington et al. (2024) and are further discussed in Evans et al. (2024), Symington et al. (2023) and Symington et al. (2022). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html CooperCreekBoresEC_SWL Compiled shallow bores electrical conductivity (EC, µS/cm) and SWL within Cooper Creek floodplain from states bore databases and published case study (Cendon, 2010) survey results. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html AusAEM_EasternCorridorCooperCreekFlightlines Exploring for the Future AusAEM Eastern Resources Corridor: 2021 Airborne Electromagnetic Survey: TEMPEST® airborne electromagnetic data and GALEI inversion conductivity estimates. The accompanying data package, was released on 15 September 2021 by Geoscience Australia (GA). The package contains AEM data from the AusAEM_20 East Resources Corridor survey, which was acquired across an area spanning from Bedourie in Queensland to Cape Jervis in South Australia, and from Tibooburra in New South Wales to Warrnambool in Victoria. The coverage is more than 600,000 square kilometres of south-eastern Australia. The regional survey was flown at a 20-kilometre nominal line spacing and entailed approximately 31,500 flight-line kilometres of geophysical data. The survey was flown in three phases, by Xcalibur Aviation (Australia) Pty. Ltd. (Xcalibur), formally CGG Aviation (Australia) Pty. Ltd. (CGG), under contract to Geoscience Australia, using the TEMPEST® airborne electromagnetic system. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html CooperCreekStudySite Cooper Creek floodplain area of interestbetween Windorah and Innaminkafor estimating groundwater bulk conductivity from Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys and conductance data. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html SpringsProvinceAttribution_SA This dataset represents the locations of springs in the in the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) project region and provides some understanding of possible source aquifer(s). The primary source of all groundwater information (including springs) in SA is Waterconnect website (SA Government 2023). Springs data in the groundwater database are classed as “Waterpoints”. Sometimes names of springs are associated with water point records as well. Waterpoints for the KT-LEB region were extracted from the database. These points were then crosschecked against key references on springs found in the KT-LEB region of South Australia (Gotch (2013); Keppel et al (2016)) to provide information on the spring source aquifer and spring complex name. Information on some additional springs located along Cooper Creek with a Cenozoic source aquifer was obtained from Wopfner (1961). Springs in South Australia have source aquifers in the GAB or LEB, a mixture of GAB and LEB, or “Other”, such as fractured rock aquifers in the Flinders Ranges. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html SpringsProvinceAttribution_NT The primary source is the NT Springs database (NT Government 2023). The springs database was downloaded. In the KT-LEB region, any springs that were underlain by the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) were assumed to have a GAB source. Any springs that were not underlain by the GAB (such as those underlain by the Amadeus Basin), had a source called “other”, as the main focus of this report is the Cenozoic. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html SpringsProvinceAttribution_Qld_NSW This springs dataset provides a comprehensive catalogue of springs with a permanently saturated saturation regime that have fixed locations in Queensland and any associated surface expression groundwater dependent ecosystems. This precludes soaks that are not permanent, bores (because they are not natural), wells that do not have a surface expression of groundwater, and groundwater discharge along a stream-bed that is not in a fixed location. The springs dataset also includes other types of springs (e.g. springs with a non-permanent or unsaturated saturation regime), however, information on these types of springs may be limited. Basic information is available including location, grouping (e.g. complex and supergroup), associated regional ecosystem, source aquifer, and conservation rankings. Further information on active springs including physical properties, general morphology, water chemistry, floristic composition, disturbance, faunal composition, survey effort, photographic documentation, and historical descriptions is available in hyperlinks or in the Queensland Springs Database.It also provides a catalogue of springs that are no longer active (i.e. no groundwater flow whether permanent or intermittent). Basic information is available on inactive springs including location, grouping (i.e. complex and supergroup), rationale for inactivity, and source aquifer. Further information on inactive springs including physical properties, general morphology, disturbance, survey effort, photographic documentation, and historical descriptions is available in hyperlinks or in the Queensland Springs Database. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html SpringsWithWatertableObs_NT The primary source is the NT Springs database (NT Government 2023). The springs database was downloaded. In the KT-LEB region, any springs that were underlain by the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) were assumed to have a GAB source. Any springs that were not underlain by the GAB (such as those underlain by the Amadeus Basin), had a source called “other”, as the main focus of this report is the Cenozoic. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html SpringsWithWatertableObs_Qld_NSW This springs dataset provides a comprehensive catalogue of springs with a permanently saturated saturation regime that have fixed locations in Queensland and any associated surface expression groundwater dependent ecosystems. This precludes soaks that are not permanent, bores (because they are not natural), wells that do not have a surface expression of groundwater, and groundwater discharge along a stream-bed that is not in a fixed location. The springs dataset also includes other types of springs (e.g. springs with a non-permanent or unsaturated saturation regime), however, information on these types of springs may be limited. Basic information is available including location, grouping (e.g. complex and supergroup), associated regional ecosystem, source aquifer, and conservation rankings. Further information on active springs including physical properties, general morphology, water chemistry, floristic composition, disturbance, faunal composition, survey effort, photographic documentation, and historical descriptions is available in hyperlinks or in the Queensland Springs Database.It also provides a catalogue of springs that are no longer active (i.e. no groundwater flow whether permanent or intermittent). Basic information is available on inactive springs including location, grouping (i.e. complex and supergroup), rationale for inactivity, and source aquifer. Further information on inactive springs including physical properties, general morphology, disturbance, survey effort, photographic documentation, and historical descriptions is available in hyperlinks or in the Queensland Springs Database. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html SpringsWithWatertableObs_SA This dataset represents the locations of springs in the in the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) project region and provides some understanding of possible source aquifer(s). The primary source of all groundwater information (including springs) in SA is Waterconnect website (SA Government 2023). Springs data in the groundwater database are classed as “Waterpoints”. Sometimes names of springs are associated with water point records as well. Waterpoints for the KT-LEB region were extracted from the database. These points were then crosschecked against key references on springs found in the KT-LEB region of South Australia (Gotch (2013); Keppel et al (2016)) to provide information on the spring source aquifer and spring complex name. Information on some additional springs located along Cooper Creek with a Cenozoic source aquifer was obtained from Wopfner (1961). Springs in South Australia have source aquifers in the GAB or LEB, a mixture of GAB and LEB, or “Other”, such as fractured rock aquifers in the Flinders Ranges. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html GroundwaterIsotopeData Percent Modern Carbon data (pMC) for groundwaters in Callabonna Sub-Basin or Coope Creek palaeovalley were compiled from literature sources for inclusion in Section 6.4.3 of Evans et al. (2024). The data sources were Keppel et al. (2016) and Geological and Bioregional Assessment Program (2021). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html GroundwaterHydrochemType This dataset provides information on hydrochemical samples for groundwater bores in the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) project region.The major ion compositions and groundwater types for hydrochemical samples for groundwater bores in the KT-LEB region are discussed in detail in Evans et al. (2024).Hydrochemical sample data for groundwater bores in the LEB-LT region were derived from CSIRO continental scale hydrogeochemistry data release packages for New South Wales (Grey & Bardwell, 2016a), Northern Territory (Grey & Bardwell, 2016b), Queensland (Grey & Bardwell, 2016c) and South Australia (Grey & Bardwell, 2016d).Not all bores have hydrochemical sample data and this data is not always complete. A screening process was implemented to produce a hydrochemical sample dataset that was used in the discussion of major ion compositions and groundwater types for groundwater bores in the KT-LEB region. The details of this screening process are discussed in detail in Evans et al. (2024) EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html HydrochemistryZones This dataset subdivides the spatial extent of the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) project region based on modified drainage division. The major ion compositions and groundwater types for hydrochemical samples for groundwater bores in the KT-LEB region are discussed in detail in Evans et al. (2024).The LEB hydrochemistry zones dataset is derived from the modified boundaries of the Bureau of Meteorology (2022) River Regions, Australian Surface Water Management areas (ASWMA 2005), based on 1997 Drainage basin dataset, and Queensland Drainage basin sub areas (Department of Resources,2021). Details regarding the sources and data attribution for KT - LEB Project boundaries dataset (Geoscience Australia, 2024) are outlined in further detail in the metadata relevant to that dataset. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html GroundwaterEC_GroundwaterUseClasses This dataset provides information on the salinity of groundwater from bores in the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) project region. It is a subset of the dataset “Groundwater_bores_screen_aquifer_province_attribution_LEB”. Not all bore records included in salinity data. Groundwater bore records that include salinity information either as Electrical Conductivity (EC) or Total Dissolved Solids (TDS mg/L) were selected from the bore dataset “Groundwater_bores_screen_aquifer_province_attribution_LEB. The dataset “All_LEB_EC_bores_LT150m” includes salinity data from the Cenozoic as well as salinity data from non-Cenozoic aquifers down to 150m. This selection provides detail on salinity of shallow groundwater across the KT-LEB regardless of the aquifer. Section 6.4 and 7.1 in Evans et al. (2024) provide detail and groundwater salinity of Cenozoic in the KT-LEB. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html GroundwaterEC_CenozoicAquifers Groundwater bores locations with EC measurements within Cenozoic aquifers compiled for Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin Cenozoic geology, hydrogeology and groundwater systems project. This dataset provides information on the salinity of groundwater from bores in Cenozoic aquifers in the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) project region. It is a subset of the dataset “All_LEB_EC_bores_LT150m.lyr”. The dataset “All_LEB_EC_bores_LT150m” includes salinity data from the Cenozoic as well as salinity data from non-Cenozoic aquifers down to 150m. This selection provides detail on salinity of shallow groundwater across the KT-LEB regardless of the aquifer. Section 6.4 and 7.1 in Evans et al. (2024) provide detail and groundwater salinity of Cenozoic in the KT-LEB.Not all bore records included in salinity data. Groundwater bore records that include salinity information either as Electrical Conductivity (EC) or Total Dissolved Solids (TDS mg/L) were selected from the bore dataset “Groundwater_bores_screen_aquifer_province_attribution_LEB. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html All_LEB_EC_Bores_LT150m Groundwater bores locations with EC measurements within Cenozoic aquifers compiled for Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin Cenozoic geology, hydrogeology and groundwater systems project. This dataset provides information on the salinity of groundwater from bores in Cenozoic aquifers in the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) project region. It is a subset of the dataset “All_LEB_EC_bores_LT150m.lyr”. The dataset “All_LEB_EC_bores_LT150m” includes salinity data from the Cenozoic as well as salinity data from non-Cenozoic aquifers down to 150m. This selection provides detail on salinity of shallow groundwater across the KT-LEB regardless of the aquifer. Section 6.4 and 7.1 in Evans et al. (2024) provide detail and groundwater salinity of Cenozoic in the KT-LEB.Not all bore records included in salinity data. Groundwater bore records that include salinity information either as Electrical Conductivity (EC) or Total Dissolved Solids (TDS mg/L) were selected from the bore dataset “Groundwater_bores_screen_aquifer_province_attribution_LEB. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html DepthToWatertable_LT20m The standing water level (SWL) in a bore is a measure of the depth to groundwater from a certain reference point at the surface, usually the top of the bore casing or the ground level. It represents the level that groundwater can rise within the bore if unimpeded by the overlying rocks and sediments. The depth to the standing water level does not necessarily represent the depth a bore needs to be drilled to intersect the watertable, although it provides a useful indicator. The screened interval in a bore is commonly set well below the watertable surface so that sufficient supply can be obtained unimpeded by drawdown in the bore when pumping starts. The depth to watertable trend surface for the KT-LEB is derived from interpolation of water level data available for the shallowest aquifers intersected across the entire KT-LEB region (Evans et al. 2024).While most of the water level data are sourced from bores screened in Cenozoic sediment aquifers, additional water level data from near-surface aquifers in older pre-Cenozoic rocks and sediments (to maximum depths of 100 m below surface) were also included in the analysis. This approach enabled broader regional understanding of groundwater level trends across the entire basin in places where Cenozoic aquifers do not occur. The water level data was obtained from the state and territory groundwater bore databases. Sources of archival groundwater bore data evaluated for the KT–LEB included Queensland Government (2023), NT Government (2023), SA Government (2023) and NSW Government (2023).In some places, the depth to watertable surface may not represent the local watertable in the unconfined aquifer, particularly where the shallowest aquifer is semi-confined, as can be the case in the southernmost portions of the Callabonna Sub-basin. The water level data used to create these maps were not corrected for variations in water density due to the regional scale nature of the assessment, the lack of bores with co-located salinity and water level data, and the highly variable groundwater salinity in many Cenozoic aquifer (Evans et al. 2024). Developing local-scale water level maps, particularly in areas of highly saline groundwater, would require data to be corrected for variations in water density. Such areas include near salt lakes such as lakes Eyre and Frome, or areas where groundwater salinity varies considerably across short distances such as on the Strzelecki Sandplain to the west of Strzelecki Creek.The depth to watertable mapping does not account for perched aquifers that may occur in some places above the level of the regional watertable. Perched aquifers can be locally important water sources for wetlands and GDEs, although they are generally of limited areal extent.Most bores screened in Cenozoic aquifers in the KT–LEB have only a single water level reading. These readings are generally measured soon after the bore was constructed. Hence, the composite water level mapping does not represent a particular point in time. There are some areas on the depth to watertable map indicated as zones of low confidence. These are areas with insufficient water level data available to adequately constrain the gridding process, which can locally introduce errors (artefacts) into the map. Although other gridding processes could be employed to improve definition in these areas, these could mask locations where more water level data are required. In some places, the use of airborne electromagnetics (AEM) data may be able to provide new information on depth to the watertable. Some areas with little available groundwater level data are known to be regional groundwater discharge features for underlying aquifers (such as Kati Thanda –Lake Eyre and surrounds) or areas where the regional watertable is reported as being within a few metres of the surface (e.g. Costelloe 2017).Despite some of the limitations, the watertable regional trend surface, contours and depth to standing water level water mapping is consistent at the basin scale and demonstrates that shape of watertable correlates strongly with the regional topographic features such as catchment boundaries. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html DepthToWatertable The standing water level (SWL) in a bore is a measure of the depth to groundwater from a certain reference point at the surface, usually the top of the bore casing or the ground level. It represents the level that groundwater can rise within the bore if unimpeded by the overlying rocks and sediments. The depth to the standing water level does not necessarily represent the depth a bore needs to be drilled to intersect the watertable, although it provides a useful indicator. The screened interval in a bore is commonly set well below the watertable surface so that sufficient supply can be obtained unimpeded by drawdown in the bore when pumping starts. The depth to watertable trend surface for the KT-LEB is derived from interpolation of water level data available for the shallowest aquifers intersected across the entire KT-LEB region (Evans et al. 2024).While most of the water level data are sourced from bores screened in Cenozoic sediment aquifers, additional water level data from near-surface aquifers in older pre-Cenozoic rocks and sediments (to maximum depths of 100 m below surface) were also included in the analysis. This approach enabled broader regional understanding of groundwater level trends across the entire basin in places where Cenozoic aquifers do not occur. The water level data was obtained from the state and territory groundwater bore databases. Sources of archival groundwater bore data evaluated for the KT–LEB included Queensland Government (2023), NT Government (2023), SA Government (2023) and NSW Government (2023).In some places, the depth to watertable surface may not represent the local watertable in the unconfined aquifer, particularly where the shallowest aquifer is semi-confined, as can be the case in the southernmost portions of the Callabonna Sub-basin. The water level data used to create these maps were not corrected for variations in water density due to the regional scale nature of the assessment, the lack of bores with co-located salinity and water level data, and the highly variable groundwater salinity in many Cenozoic aquifer (Evans et al. 2024). Developing local-scale water level maps, particularly in areas of highly saline groundwater, would require data to be corrected for variations in water density. Such areas include near salt lakes such as lakes Eyre and Frome, or areas where groundwater salinity varies considerably across short distances such as on the Strzelecki Sandplain to the west of Strzelecki Creek.The depth to watertable mapping does not account for perched aquifers that may occur in some places above the level of the regional watertable. Perched aquifers can be locally important water sources for wetlands and GDEs, although they are generally of limited areal extent.Most bores screened in Cenozoic aquifers in the KT–LEB have only a single water level reading. These readings are generally measured soon after the bore was constructed. Hence, the composite water level mapping does not represent a particular point in time. There are some areas on the depth to watertable map indicated as zones of low confidence. These are areas with insufficient water level data available to adequately constrain the gridding process, which can locally introduce errors (artefacts) into the map. Although other gridding processes could be employed to improve definition in these areas, these could mask locations where more water level data are required. In some places, the use of airborne electromagnetics (AEM) data may be able to provide new information on depth to the watertable. Some areas with little available groundwater level data are known to be regional groundwater discharge features for underlying aquifers (such as Kati Thanda –Lake Eyre and surrounds) or areas where the regional watertable is reported as being within a few metres of the surface (e.g. Costelloe 2017).Despite some of the limitations, the watertable regional trend surface, contours and depth to standing water level water mapping is consistent at the basin scale and demonstrates that shape of watertable correlates strongly with the regional topographic features such as catchment boundaries. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html WatertableRSWLRegionalTrend_50m The regional watertable trend surface for the KT-LEB is derived from interpolation of water level data available for the shallowest aquifers intersected across the entire KT-LEB region (Evans et al. 2024). While most of the water level data are sourced from bores screened in Cenozoic sediment aquifers, additional water level data from near-surface aquifers in older pre-Cenozoic rocks and sediments (to maximum depths of 100 m below surface) were also included in the analysis. This approach enabled broader regional understanding of groundwater level trends across the entire basin in places where Cenozoic aquifers do not occur. The water level data was obtained from the state and territory groundwater bore databases. Sources of archival groundwater bore data evaluated for the KT–LEB included Queensland Government (2023), NT Government (2023), SA Government (2023) and NSW Government (2023).In some places, the regional watertable surface may not represent the local watertable in the unconfined aquifer, particularly where the shallowest aquifer may be semi-confined. The water level data used to create these maps were not corrected for variations in water density due to the regional scale nature of the assessment, the lack of bores with co-located salinity and water level data, and the highly variable groundwater salinity in many Cenozoic aquifer (Evans et al. 2024). Developing local-scale water level maps, particularly in areas of highly saline groundwater, would require data to be corrected for variations in water density. Such areas include near salt lakes such as lakes Eyre and Frome, or areas where groundwater salinity varies considerably across short distances such as on the Strzelecki Sandplain to the west of Strzelecki Creek.The watertable mapping does not account for perched aquifers that may occur in some places above the level of the regional watertable. Perched aquifers can be locally important water sources for wetlands and GDEs, although they are generally of limited areal extent.Most bores screened in Cenozoic aquifers in the KT–LEB have only a single water level reading. These readings are generally measured soon after the bore was constructed. Hence, the composite water level mapping does not represent a particular point in time. Despite some of the limitations, the watertable regional trend surface, contours and depth to standing water level water mapping is consistent at the basin scale and demonstrates that shape of watertable correlates strongly with the regional topographic features such as catchment boundaries. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html WatertableRSWLRegionalTrendContours_50m The watertable contours are derived from the regional watertable trend surface and reference m(AHD). The regional watertable trend surface for the KT-LEB is derived from interpolation of water level data available for the shallowest aquifers intersected across the entire KT-LEB region (Evans et al. 2024).While most of the water level data are sourced from bores screened in Cenozoic sediment aquifers, additional water level data from near-surface aquifers in older pre-Cenozoic rocks and sediments (to maximum depths of 100 m below surface) were also included in the analysis. This approach enabled broader regional understanding of groundwater level trends across the entire basin in places where Cenozoic aquifers do not occur. The water level data was obtained from the state and territory groundwater bore databases. Sources of archival groundwater bore data evaluated for the KT–LEB included Queensland Government (2023), NT Government (2023), SA Government (2023) and NSW Government (2023).In some places, the regional watertable surface may not represent the local watertable in the unconfined aquifer, particularly where the shallowest aquifer may be semi-confined. The water level data used to create these maps were not corrected for variations in water density due to the regional scale nature of the assessment, the lack of bores with co-located salinity and water level data, and the highly variable groundwater salinity in many Cenozoic aquifer (Evans et al. 2024). Developing local-scale water level maps, particularly in areas of highly saline groundwater, would require data to be corrected for variations in water density. Such areas include near salt lakes such as lakes Eyre and Frome, or areas where groundwater salinity varies considerably across short distances such as on the Strzelecki Sandplain to the west of Strzelecki Creek.The watertable regional trend surface and associated contours do not account for perched aquifers that may occur in some places above the level of the regional watertable. Perched aquifers can be locally important water sources for wetlands and GDEs, although they are generally of limited areal extent.Most bores screened in Cenozoic aquifers in the KT–LEB have only a single water level reading. These readings are generally measured soon after the bore was constructed. Hence, the composite water level mapping does not represent a particular point in time. Despite some of the limitations, the watertable regional trend surface, contours and depth to standing water level water mapping is consistent at the basin scale and demonstrates that shape of watertable correlates strongly with the regional topographic features such as catchment boundaries. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html WatertableRSWL_25m The regional watertable trend surface for the KT-LEB is derived from interpolation of water level data available for the shallowest aquifers intersected across the entire KT-LEB region (Evans et al. 2024).While most of the water level data are sourced from bores screened in Cenozoic sediment aquifers, additional water level data from near-surface aquifers in older pre-Cenozoic rocks and sediments (to maximum depths of 100 m below surface) were also included in the analysis. This approach enabled broader regional understanding of groundwater level trends across the entire basin in places where Cenozoic aquifers do not occur. The water level data was obtained from the state and territory groundwater bore databases. Sources of archival groundwater bore data evaluated for the KT–LEB included Queensland Government (2023), NT Government (2023), SA Government (2023) and NSW Government (2023).In some places, the regional watertable surface may not represent the local watertable in the unconfined aquifer, particularly where the shallowest aquifer may be semi-confined. The water level data used to create these maps were not corrected for variations in water density due to the regional scale nature of the assessment, the lack of bores with co-located salinity and water level data, and the highly variable groundwater salinity in many Cenozoic aquifer (Evans et al. 2024). Developing local-scale water level maps, particularly in areas of highly saline groundwater, would require data to be corrected for variations in water density. Such areas include near salt lakes such as lakes Eyre and Frome, or areas where groundwater salinity varies considerably across short distances such as on the Strzelecki Sandplain to the west of Strzelecki Creek.The watertable mapping does not account for perched aquifers that may occur in some places above the level of the regional watertable. Perched aquifers can be locally important water sources for wetlands and GDEs, although they are generally of limited areal extent.Most bores screened in Cenozoic aquifers in the KT–LEB have only a single water level reading. These readings are generally measured soon after the bore was constructed. Hence, the composite water level mapping does not represent a particular point in time. Despite some of the limitations, the watertable regional trend surface, contours and depth to standing water level water mapping is consistent at the basin scale and demonstrates that shape of watertable correlates strongly with the regional topographic features such as catchment boundaries. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html WatertableRSWLContours_25m The watertable contours are derived from the regional watertable trend surface and reference m(AHD). The regional watertable trend surface for the KT-LEB is derived from interpolation of water level data available for the shallowest aquifers intersected across the entire KT-LEB region (Evans et al. 2024).While most of the water level data are sourced from bores screened in Cenozoic sediment aquifers, additional water level data from near-surface aquifers in older pre-Cenozoic rocks and sediments (to maximum depths of 100 m below surface) were also included in the analysis. This approach enabled broader regional understanding of groundwater level trends across the entire basin in places where Cenozoic aquifers do not occur. The water level data was obtained from the state and territory groundwater bore databases. Sources of archival groundwater bore data evaluated for the KT–LEB included Queensland Government (2023), NT Government (2023); SA Government (2023) and NSW Government (2023).In some places, the regional watertable surface may not represent the local watertable in the unconfined aquifer, particularly where the shallowest aquifer may be semi-confined. The water level data used to create these maps were not corrected for variations in water density due to the regional scale nature of the assessment, the lack of bores with co-located salinity and water level data, and the highly variable groundwater salinity in many Cenozoic aquifer (Evans et al. 2024). Developing local-scale water level maps, particularly in areas of highly saline groundwater, would require data to be corrected for variations in water density. Such areas include near salt lakes such as lakes Eyre and Frome, or areas where groundwater salinity varies considerably across short distances such as on the Strzelecki Sandplain to the west of Strzelecki Creek.The watertable regional trend surface and associated contours do not account for perched aquifers that may occur in some places above the level of the regional watertable. Perched aquifers can be locally important water sources for wetlands and GDEs, although they are generally of limited areal extent.Most bores screened in Cenozoic aquifers in the KT–LEB have only a single water level reading. These readings are generally measured soon after the bore was constructed. Hence, the composite water level mapping does not represent a particular point in time. Despite some of the limitations, the watertable regional trend surface, contours and depth to standing water level water mapping is consistent at the basin scale and demonstrates that shape of watertable correlates strongly with the regional topographic features such as catchment boundaries. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html SpringsSourceAquiferNT The primary source is the NT Springs database (NT Government 2023). The springs database was downloaded. In the KT-LEB region, any springs that were underlain by the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) were assumed to have a GAB source. Any springs that were not underlain by the GAB (such as those underlain by the Amadeus Basin), had a source called “other”, as the main focus of this report is the Cenozoic. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html SpringsSourceAquiferSA This dataset represents the locations of springs in the in the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) project region and provides some understanding of possible source aquifer(s). The primary source of all groundwater information (including springs) in SA is Waterconnect website (SA Government 2023). Springs data in the groundwater database are classes as “Waterpoints”. Sometimes names of springs are associated with water point records as well. Waterpoints for the KT-LEB region was extracted from the database. These points were then crosschecked against key references on springs found in the KT-LEB region of South Australia (Gotch (2013); Keppel et al (2016)) to provide information on the spring source aquifer and spring complex name. Information on some additional springs located along Cooper Creek with a Cenozoic source aquifer was obtained from Wopfner (1961). Springs in South Australia has source aquifers in the GAB or LEB, a mixture of GAB and LEB, or “Other”, such as fractured rock aquifers in the Flinders Ranges. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html SpringsSiteComplexQldNSW This springs dataset provides a comprehensive catalogue of springs with a permanently saturated saturation regime that have fixed locations in Queensland and any associated surface expression groundwater dependent ecosystems. This precludes soaks that are not permanent, bores (because they are not natural), wells that do not have a surface expression of groundwater, and groundwater discharge along a stream-bed that is not in a fixed location. The springs dataset also includes other types of springs (e.g. springs with a non-permanent or unsaturated saturation regime), however, information on these types of springs may be limited. Basic information is available including location, grouping (e.g. complex and supergroup), associated regional ecosystem, source aquifer, and conservation rankings. Further information on active springs including physical properties, general morphology, water chemistry, floristic composition, disturbance, faunal composition, survey effort, photographic documentation, and historical descriptions is available in hyperlinks or in the Queensland Springs Database.It also provides a catalogue of springs that are no longer active (i.e. no groundwater flow whether permanent or intermittent). Basic information is available on inactive springs including location, grouping (i.e. complex and supergroup), rationale for inactivity, and source aquifer. Further information on inactive springs including physical properties, general morphology, disturbance, survey effort, photographic documentation, and historical descriptions is available in hyperlinks or in the Queensland Springs Database. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html BoresWatertable Bores with watertable information EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html BoresPurpose This dataset outlines the primary purpose for which groundwater bore was drilled. It is a subset of the dataset “Groundwater_bores_screen_aquifer_province_attribution_LEB”. The process for determining bore purpose depends on the type and quality of information available for each bore as well as the size of the investigation area and the study objectives. Bore information was compiled available from archival state and territory government databases Sources of archival bore data evaluated for the KT–LEB included Queensland Government (2023), NT Government (2023), SA Government (2023) and NSW Government (2023).Sometimes groundwater bores may have multiple purposes. Key bore purposes highlighted by this dataset include town water supply, monitoring or observation bores, resources (i.e. a monitoring or dewatering bore installed by a resource company), or a stock route bore. If no purpose information was available for a particular bore, then a bore was assumed to have been drilled for stock and domestic purposes. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html BoresScreenAquifer The process of attributing aquifer and aquifer province information to bores is critical for the interpretation of hydrogeological data, as it identifies the hydrostratigraphic unit that occurs within the production zone of a groundwater bore, i.e. the subsurface zone where the bore is open to the aquifer and draws groundwater. Assigning aquifer attribution improves comparison of groundwater data from bores across the investigation area, providing confidence that groundwater data relates to the same hydrostratigraphic unit.This dataset provides information on the hydrostratigraphic aquifer and aquifer province attribution to the screened/open intervals for groundwater bores in the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) region. The geology and hydrogeology of the KT-LEB region are discussed in detail in Evans et al. (2024).Confidence in aquifer attribution (in particular for Cenozoic hydrostratigraphic units) varies considerably and is largely dependent on the varying levels of geological understanding that occur across the KT-LEB. For instance, often Cenozoic sediments are not differentiated into individual hydrostratigraphic units. Whilst more general, the aquifer province attribution is useful, particularly where either aquifer attribution is poorly defined or for providing another (broader) level of grouping for hydrogeological data. Aquifer province attribution is particularly useful if an area includes several stacked or laterally distributed sedimentary basins. Bit of these cases apply to the KT-LEB. Approaches for determining aquifer attribution for bores are outlined in various publications, including the Bioregional Assessment of the Galilee Basin (Evans et al. 2018), the Geological and Bioregional Assessment of the Cooper Basin (Evans et al. 2020), the Broken Hill Groundwater and Regolith Geochemistry project (de Caritat et al. 2022) and the regional stratigraphic correlation studies of the Great Artesian Basin, Lake Eyre Basin and Upper Darling Floodplain region (Norton and Rollet 2023). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html BoresProvinceAttribution The process of attributing aquifer and aquifer province information to bores is critical for the interpretation of hydrogeological data, as it identifies the hydrostratigraphic unit that occurs within the production zone of a groundwater bore, i.e. the subsurface zone where the bore is open to the aquifer and draws groundwater. Assigning aquifer attribution improves comparison of groundwater data from bores across the investigation area, providing confidence that groundwater data relates to the same hydrostratigraphic unit.This dataset provides information on the hydrostratigraphic aquifer and aquifer province attribution to the screened/open intervals for groundwater bores in the Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) region. The geology and hydrogeology of the KT-LEB region are discussed in detail in Evans et al. (2024).Confidence in aquifer attribution (in particular for Cenozoic hydrostratigraphic units) varies considerably and is largely dependent on the varying levels of geological understanding that occur across the KT-LEB. For instance, often Cenozoic sediments are not differentiated into individual hydrostratigraphic units. Whilst more general, the aquifer province attribution is useful, particularly where either aquifer attribution is poorly defined or for providing another (broader) level of grouping for hydrogeological data. Aquifer province attribution is particularly useful if an area includes several stacked or laterally distributed sedimentary basins. Some of these cases apply to the KT-LEB. Approaches for determining aquifer attribution for bores are outlined in various publications, including the Bioregional Assessment of the Galilee Basin (Evans et al. 2018), the Geological and Bioregional Assessment of the Cooper Basin (Evans et al. 2020), the Broken Hill Groundwater and Regolith Geochemistry project (de Caritat et al. 2022) and the regional stratigraphic correlation studies of the Great Artesian Basin, Lake Eyre Basin and Upper Darling Floodplain region (Norton and Rollet 2023). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html ThicknessQuaternarySediments Thickness grids for the Quaternary Sediments were calculated by subtracting the elevation of the top of the sequence from the elevation of the base. Some areas were clipped out of the model where negative or zero thickness intervals occur due to gridding artefacts or where particular units are not present, for example, where they have been removed due to erosion. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html ThicknessNambaFm Thickness grids for the Namba Formation were calculated by subtracting the elevation of the top of the sequence from the elevation of the base. Some areas were clipped out of the model where negative or zero thickness intervals occur due to gridding artefacts or where particular units are not present, for example, where they have been removed due to erosion. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html TopNambaFm Top of formation grids for the Namba Formation were calculated by subtracting the elevation of the top of the sequence from the elevation of the top. Some areas were clipped out of the model where negative or zero thickness intervals occur due to gridding artefacts or where particular units are not present, for example, where they have been removed due to erosion. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html ThicknessEyreFm Thickness grids for the Eyre Formation were calculated by subtracting the elevation of the top of the sequence from the elevation of the base. Some areas were clipped out of the model where negative or zero thickness intervals occur due to gridding artefacts or where particular units are not present, for example, where they have been removed due to erosion. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html TopEyreFm Top of formation grids for the Eyre Formation were calculated by subtracting the elevation of the top of the sequence from the elevation of the top. Some areas were clipped out of the model where negative or zero thickness intervals occur due to gridding artefacts or where particular units are not present, for example, where they have been removed due to erosion. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html TotalThicknessOfCenozoic Thickness grids for the total Cenozoic sequence were calculated by subtracting the elevation of the top of the sequence from the elevation of the base. Some areas were clipped out of the model where negative or zero thickness intervals occur due to gridding artefacts or where particular units are not present, for example, where they have been removed due to erosion. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html BaseCenozoicSediments Base of Cenozoic surface layer group includes geological formation surfaces with hill-shaded images, contours, and a Cenozoic cover extent polygon derived from 1M surface geology (Raymond et al. 2012). Base of Cenozoic surfaces were produced as part of the Cenozoic geology, hydrogeology and groundwater systems of Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin study for the National Groundwater Systems project (Evans et al. 2024) to provide an update on and inform the regional Cenozoic geological framework. The Base of Cenozoic models were developed through the integration of a variety of geoscience datasets including down-hole stratigraphic picks from wells and drillholes, biostratigraphic data, petrophysical data from drillholes, interpreted geophysical data such as airborne electromagnetics (AEM), and 1-million scale surface geology mapping. The borehole stratigraphic picks and palynological data that underpin the models were compiled in Vizy and Rollet (2024), Norton and Rollet (2023) and Hannaford and Rollet (2023).Evans et al (2024) provided details on the distribution of bore data points. The accuracy of the geological surfaces (and resultant contours) are less reliable in areas where the density of data points are low, such as along the western margin of the KT–LEB in the NT and SA. Collating additional information from mineral exploration bores drilled in this region would likely help increase confidence and reliability. Recently, legacy seismic reflection data, were reprocessed and interpreted over Pedirka and western Eromanga basins. (Bernecker et al. 2024, Bradshaw et al. 2024), which underlies the Tirari Sub-basin. The results of this work were published after the geological modelling of the KT-LEB and were thus unable to be incorporated. Future updates to the base of Cenozoic geological model developed for this investigation would benefit from the inclusion of results from these new seismic interpretations. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html CenozoicDepositionalCentres The polygons in this dataset outline the location and extent of major Cenozoic depositional basins in the Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre Basin (KT-LEB) region that are not already included in the Australian Geological Provinces dataset (Raymond et al. 2018). The Lake Eyre geological basin of Raymond et al. (2018) encompasses three major depocentres, which are the Callabonna Sub-Basin, the Tirari Sub-Basin and the Cooper Creek palaeovalley. The boundaries for these depo-centres were defined primarily from surface geology and geomorphology. The western boundary of the Tirari Sub-Basin extent is in part based on descriptions in Alley (1998) in addition to surface geology and geomorphological inputs. EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html AWRA_DrainageDivision The Geofabric Surface Catchments product provides a hierarchy of nested catchments from drainage divisions at the top level all the way down to a separate catchment for every stream segment in the Geofabric Surface Network product. The top two levels of this hierarchy, Level 1 and Level 2, have been extracted as separate feature classes. Nationally the NCBLevel1DrainageDivision feature class consists of 12 topographically defined drainage divisions and represent the highest level of the catchment hierarchy. At the next level down, the NCBLevel2DrainageBasinGroup represent 191 catchment units approximating the Australian Water Resources Management Committee (AWRC) river basins as described by GA (1997). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html LakeEyreBasinProjectArea Kati Thanda – Lake Eyre Basin (KT–LEB) project area (Evans et al. 2024) extent polygon feature class represents spatial extents of the Lake Eyre surface drainage and geological basin boundaries derived from the union of the AWRA Level 1 Lake Eyre Drainage division (BoM 2023) and Lake Eyre Basin geological basin as defined in Raymond et al. (2018).The investigation area mostly coincides with the surface water drainage division of the Kati Thanda – Lake Eyre Basin (KT–LEB) as defined by the Australian Hydrological Geospatial Fabric (BoM 2023a). Along parts of the eastern boundary of the KT–LEB, the investigation area is slightly extended so that it encompasses parts of the underlying geological Lake Eyre Basin that extend beyond the modern surface water catchment boundary. The geological Lake Eyre Boundary encompassing areas of Cenozoic rocks and sediments deposited within the basin dating back to the Paleogene, and is derived from the geological provinces’ dataset of Raymond et al. (2018). EPSG:4283 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 EPSG:3857 EPSG:28348 EPSG:28349 EPSG:28350 EPSG:28351 EPSG:28352 EPSG:28353 EPSG:28354 EPSG:28355 EPSG:28356 EPSG:28357 EPSG:28358 EPSG:32748 EPSG:32749 EPSG:32750 EPSG:32751 EPSG:32752 EPSG:32753 EPSG:32754 EPSG:32755 EPSG:32756 EPSG:32757 EPSG:32758 EPSG:3031 EPSG:3032 EPSG:102100 131.000000 147.000000 -35.000000 -18.000000 text/html